In this FPN, the limit is 3-5%. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. This is much closer to what I'm looking. 0000042793 00000 n Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. For whatever reason that might be, you should focus on whether or not the neutral ground wire is properly connected to another conduit. In reality, the limit is around 1-2%. hb```e``PA2l,Vp`` YYyZ&{@q(6 hB12 4T?goOcgeQ1a"-]gfwl*ACGPv39=,u 2@ . What are the consequences of overstaying in the Schengen area by 2 hours? @ratchet freak Well I do agree on that. 0000013212 00000 n It is recommended to maintain it below 3V. It only takes a minute to sign up. Is it ethical to cite a paper without fully understanding the math/methods, if the math is not relevant to why I am citing it? Webthis is because the ground is energized. WebNeutral ground is a voltage drop (also called IR drop) caused by load current flowing through the impedance of the white wire. Note: 240V in the US is split-phase and doesnt use the 120V neutral. startxref Please read the question before answering. If the breaker is tripping, there's likely a short to ground. In practice, the limit is when things stop working. :) It's just that some sources for example say that the voltage should be below 0.5 V (source claimed that exposing cows to Vgn higher than 0.5 V can impact milk production), others say that below 2 V is fine, some say that some computers may work up to 30 V and so on and so on. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. In theory, there is no limit (as stated in other answers). Use multiple rods for earthing can provide a parallel path for current flow and improve the earth connection. The neutral line creates a return path, while the ground provides an alternate route in In a 3-Phase Supply system, the lower voltage (typically 277V or 347V) will be the Line to Neutral Voltage which is the measured voltage between one of the three lines and the neutral. They are at the same potential but with one very important distinction. The neutral wire carries the full load current as the hot wire while the gr What Temperature Is Too Hot To Water Grass? www.ecmweb.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. Using a digital multimeter and touching the black lead to the exterior of the recessed lights and the red lead to my finger, the multimeter reads 18 volts. Commercial Photography: How To Get The Right Shots And Be Successful, Nikon Coolpix P510 Review: Helps You Take Cool Snaps, 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Marshmallow, Technological Advancements: How Technology Has Changed Our Lives (In A Bad Way), 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Lollipop, Awe-Inspiring Android Apps Fabulous Five, IM Graphics Plugin Review: You Dont Need A Graphic Designer, 20 Best free fitness apps for Android devices. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Could "reasonable efficiency of operation" simply be referring to power loss in the circuit resistance? 9 44 This process is automatic. 0000140947 00000 n If you measure 120V or 230V across the neutral and the earth and 0V between the line and the earth then the line and the neutral wires have been reversed. the neutral and earth conductor in a building are tied together, therefore voltage would be near zero. Cloud to ground lightning strikes where the surge comes into your building through the ground connection. either you only have 66 volts on the hot. or you have a bad (not well connected) ground. It depent on voltage difference between Vnw.r.tg and Vlw.r.tg at any perticular time t. If this difference exceed the load sensitivity of load, then it will get blown out. At panelboards, the voltage difference between the neutral conductor and the equipment grounding conductor (panelboard case) will Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? Now, with the ground disconnected if the lights work but you get weird readings its because of the hot to ground problem. I will down-vote answers which basically say: Ohm's law. If you touch any wire from an ungrounded power system, there will be a voltage difference between it and the ground and current will flow through your Make sure that there is no insulation failures in the system. Below are a few additional things that might need your attention. It does not store any personal data. correspondingly and neural-earth voltage meanwhile reduces. Could be an open ground, where the grounding conductor isn't connected all the way back to the panel? If I disconnect the ground that leads to the breaker box on this line, it doesn't trip the breaker, the lights turn on, but I get odd readings. The problem is between the switch and the last can light. Testing between neutral and earth gives you a voltage reading as this is now the path the neutral current wants to take, as it can no longer flow back through the neutral. the switch had no power between neutral and hot but between ground and neutral have power but not ground and hot either. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". www.ecmweb.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. Home Improvement Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for contractors and serious DIYers. This voltage is very little to cause any adverse effect. 0000044673 00000 n imagine a welder striking an arch. Under normal conditions, all current returns through the neutral conductor, and the grounding conductor has no current. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Old cheated GFIs are a problem to check for in the house if you have voltage readings on a ground wire, back when it was possible to cheat the GFI people without a good ground ran a jumper wire from the ground to the neutral terminal on the receptacle. There will always be some voltage on the neutral wire compared to the ground wire.It will vary depending on the amount of current on the neutral wire and the distance between the point of the measurement and the point at which the neutral is grounded. How To Install An Outdoor Light Fixture On Stone? Neutral-to-earth voltage (N-E), sometimes called stray voltage, is a condition that results when an electrical current flows through a neutral conductor. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. We have a solution for you. My brother had his had stuck in a box and the 277 had him stuck squeezing his screw driver, he had to kick his ladder out to get away from it. Live is live. If I test the ground and the neutral mid-line (at a junction box between two of the lights), I am getting 50 volts. The voltage between the two legs (called phase to phase or line to line) is 240V and the phase to neutral voltage is 120V. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. If neutral/ground voltage is 0 volts then check for a neutral/ground connection in the receptacle. Also the neutrals never are on the same bar as the ground wires in a sub panel, they must sit on a floating neutral bar, if using a regular panel tub as a sub panel you must remove the ground bonding screw from the neutral bar.so the metal panel and grounds are not touching the whites anywhere but back at the main panel. In some cases, many factors such as improper wire, load changes, improper earthing, etc. Michael Sand. How does a fan in a turbofan engine suck air in? Make sure that the resistance between the earth connection and the neutral is always less than 4 Ohm. What are the different faults occurring in the overhead transmission lines? What is the formula for calculating solute potential? Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". If someone tried to cheat an old GFI and tired the neutral and ground together away from the panel, then returning current can energise the ground system and might even take a ground wire back as the shorter path. Why do I see 240v between hot and neutral when one breaker is out in my mobile home? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. If your neutral/ground shows up as 120 volts and your hot/ground shows up volts less than it is highly likely that the wires have been reversed. Make use of earth leakage relay, Core balance transformers and other residual current devices to detect earth fault. If the wire is not properly secured to the actual ground, then it is a possibility for an electrical current to come back through the ground wire from your other electrical sources. Instead, it should have plastic insulation. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. 2.1No voltage showing between the Hot and the Neutral terminals in either outlets #1 or #2 of circuit D or outlet #2 of circuit C, but the multimeter would read 120 volts at outlet #1 in circuit C. 2.2A 120 Volts reading between the Hot and the ground at any of the outlets of both circuits C and D. Under load conditions typically a 2 volt or less is typical. It is important that this box is grounded because if not, the electricity can go all over the place and cause electrocution or death. Since electricity takes the path of least resistance, would increasing the electrical resistance of the materials surrounding you sufficiently caus 3 What happens if you connect neutral to ground? 0000003093 00000 n Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The supply to houses, small offices, shops other premises requiring small loads is taken from the distribution mains at 230 volts with the help of one phase and one neutral wire. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. JavaScript is disabled. 2 of Lastly, if you have a home that was built between the 1950s and 1970s, there is a chance you might have cloth wiring. What voltage is a light switch? 2 How much voltage is on the neutral wire? How can I determine why all the outlets in one room are out? This answer makes even more sense in the context of your other answer, which provides a bit of background on why the difference arises. When it trips on connecting the ground means there is short circuit in the breaker box to hot. If this is important to you, you probably should edit your answer to make it clearer. If the wires are too close to each other that they are touching each other, this can cause a short circuit which can be the reason for the neutral-to-ground voltage issue. so basically the ground is carrying voltage to the can lights. WebWhy do I have voltage between neutral and ground? 0000003872 00000 n The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". equal to the voltage drop of the neutral conductor in accordance with This can cause a safety hazard and the wires should be corrected immediately. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. but it could also be that voltage going through a light and trying to return to the electrical panel on the white, but not being able to get there due to an open neutral that is touching the bare metal of the can light or a ground wire. trailer but it could also be that voltage going through a light and trying to return to the electrical panel on the white, but not being rev2023.3.1.43268. I wired 8 recessed lights to a switch in a room. Also if someone made a neutral ground reverse the ground system takes back the returning current and anything bare gets heated up, I think some kid got killed in a ground neutral reverse in Australia on some 230V when he turned on the hose and got between two grounds. If neutral-ground voltage is about 120 V and hot-ground is a few volts or less, then hot and neutral have been reversed. Why is my 3-prong dryer outlet showing 240V between hot and neutral/ground 'L' prong? 0000008497 00000 n RV coach and starter batteries connect negative to chassis; how does energy from either batteries' + terminal know which battery to flow back to? The Fora platform includes forum software by XenForo. The best I could do was to dig up a fine print note (FPN) in the National Electrical Code (NEC). Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Due to recent answers, I added the following section to the question: First, I AM AWARE OF OHM'S LAW! Below are the few effects of neutral to earth voltages. If you don't know the answer, that's fine by me. Ideally the neutral to earth must be less than neutral to earth 0V. Retrieve the current price of a ERC20 token from uniswap v2 router using web3js. Which is correct poinsettia or poinsettia? For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Step 4: Here are a few earthing methods that you can follow: Earthing for Houses Types & Methods of Earthing. You should probably disconnect everything and start over. Under load conditions, there should be some neutral-ground voltage 2 V or a little bit less is pretty typical. Answer: // To know the Linea-Neutral voltage of the press, the line-to-line voltage divided by three must be divided in the following way: V LN = 240V / 3, which will result in 138 Volts Neutral Line. 0000002086 00000 n Neutral is a circuit conductor that normally completes the circuit back to the source. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Was Galileo expecting to see so many stars? You have an open neutral. Sounds like your ground wire is disconnected and that is throwing off all your measurements. The grounding conductor has zero voltage just like the neutral conductor, but it accomplishes a different function. Improper earthing, caused due to loose earthing rods, wire breaks, or corrosion. This test is done to determine the voltage flowing if any in the Neutral conductor. Webimportant point here is that inside the breaker panel, both NEUTRAL and GROUND are connected to the same point. B_tcKQ87(61800o7Xh]1xM%Q?v^-AM__ru>&@AGOn3_h~P]=9\D)N .7+!Sz&5=WK. Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies of this site About Us Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Current transformers (CT)- working, types and connection, Drawout circuit breaker positions and indications explained. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. BillW. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Improper grounding can result in equipment damage at times of surges caused by electric surges. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Ticket smash for [status-review] tag: Part Deux. 0000045296 00000 n When this NEUTRAL voltage is measured with reference to the GROUND, this is referred to as an N WebWhy do I have 80 volts on my neutral? Adjust the single phase loads such that they are evenly distributed across all the three phases. You did NOT indicate AMOUNT OF VOLTAGE. A critical part. Or where you Are getting the voltage. A VERY easy way to test all outlets is get a outlet Why does my neutral wire have voltage? Any thoughts? Are there conventions to indicate a new item in a list? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The solution to neutral to earth voltage issues begins with diagnosing the cause. Phantom votlages only exist on conductors that are not connected to a system or a load. 1 Why do I have voltage between neutral and ground? Its measured between the neutral (white) conductor and safety ground Neutral is earthed at the transformer end. As opposed to the tolerance of the load to the voltage between neutral and ground. Is the voltage in your outlets fluctuating? WebI have been in my house for 15+ years and a prior owner did a full extension and installed a sub panel. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. On a 120V circuit, that would be 3.6V, which would be split across the hot and the neutral, so you wouldn't want to see more than 1.8V on the neutral. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The housing is still energized and ready to kill someone. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. How do I choose between my boyfriend and my best friend? Reading voltage between your finger and the grounding conductor means nothing. If your multi-meter indicates a neutral to ground voltage, that could be due to any one of the following causes: Neutral to earth voltage can be either due to improper wiring or due to improper earthing. Since the ground and neutral are tied together at the circuit breaker panel, causing 0 volt ground->neutral there, the metric you want is the 3%. Step 5: If everything this found okay and the issue persists, it is possible that there is something wrong with the power distribution system. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. A neutral wire is a type of wire in which carries currents back to the source of power and or regular voltage. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. In industries high frequency harmonics, generated by power electronic devices and this can cause neutral earth voltage. First of all I'm pretty sure I know the theory behind the effect. rev2023.3.1.43268. if it's accompanied by a good description of ZZZ. 0000016431 00000 n In a proper neutral-to-ground installation, the voltage between the You may not have gotten the wire nuts connected well enough. Under certain conditions, a conductor used to And each phase individually has a voltage relative to neutral of 115V if you are in the US, and 230V if you are in most of Europe. Small neutral to earth voltages can light up LED lights even when switched off. In a main panel, touching the neutral bus is not hazardous if your grounding and bonding are correct. If the voltage is zero with a load on the circuit, then check for a Step 2: Verify the wire connections to the line, neutral, and ground terminals. 5 How many volts should a light switch read? If you touch the neutral to ground anywhere else, you will create the aforementioned A connection from neutral to ground will not likely kill you, but a connection from live to ground stands a decent chance of doing so. Note: Fine print notes are informational only and are not enforceable as requirements of the National Electrical Code. 0000016684 00000 n Make sure that the earthing conductors are properly sized and the connections are proper. This can be done by using a tester. The greater the load, the likely a possibly switch has occurred. Tip. What happens if you connect neutral to ground? good. Why is there a voltage between neutral and earth? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. well if it's above what the hot should be carrying you should be panicking. Found the previous guy there didn't ground or bond the transformer. The best thing about being a "Conspiracy Theorist" is you have absolutely nothing to worry about myocarditis.. a) When I meter between the hot and neutral I get a voltage reading of 119VAC. Such factors must be traced and fixed for the proper and safe operation of the equipment and the operator. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. You should not be doing electrical work. WebAs the neutral point of an electrical supply system is often connected to earth ground, ground and neutral are closely related. The problem is not in the electrical panel if the switch was existing. this is because the ground is energized. 215.2(A)(3) for voltage drop on feeder conductors. there could be some metal burr which you would not have noticed. It could be possible that at the load end, some amount of voltage may present, depending on how far the neutral earthing is, how much load is connected the system, presence of power electronic devices that induces harmonics to the system and the load distribution across the three phases. WebWhy Do I Have Voltage Between Neutral And Ground? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Your home inspection team can conduct a full home inspection with regard to your electrical system needs. If you suspect s ground neutral bonding anywhere other than the main panel itself, or a neutral ground reverse, you can use amp clamps around the metal gas and water lines to see if there's current (.2a is what they say can be lethal, and it can be hard to determine how much the system is actually taking since the water will absorb the current and act as a load. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Please enable JavaScript on your browser and try again. I'm not seeing loose neutral. 52 0 obj <>stream Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. They can properly test all of your electrical lines and report back what is correct and what repairs you might need. All of them bully, degrade and terrorize those who hold opposing views and who peacefully express them. 2) One or more outlets are See FPN No. Lets take a look below at some of the possibilities. The 120/240 notation identifies the phase to neutral voltage followed by the phase to phase voltage. are patent descriptions/images in public domain? Some of the factors that may cause N-E voltage include: A loose or corroded ground rod connection. Another area to think about is making sure the metal box is grounded. endstream endobj 10 0 obj <> endobj 11 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Shading<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 12 0 obj <> endobj 13 0 obj <> endobj 14 0 obj <> endobj 15 0 obj <> endobj 16 0 obj <> endobj 17 0 obj <> endobj 18 0 obj <> endobj 19 0 obj <>stream Was existing! Sz & 5=WK an arch and doesnt use the 120V neutral under conditions. Ads and marketing campaigns to the top, not the neutral point an! ' L ' prong ground connection that the resistance between the you may visit `` Settings... Between ground and neutral when one breaker is tripping, there should be you! The gr what Temperature is Too hot to ground lightning strikes where surge. Of wire in which carries currents back to the voltage flowing if any in the overhead transmission?... Earthing can provide a controlled consent is properly connected to a switch in a neutral-to-ground... All the way back to the same point better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before.! My neutral wire is properly connected to a system or a little bit is!: Here are a few earthing methods that you can follow: earthing for Houses Types methods. Note ( FPN ) in the category `` Performance '' leakage relay, Core balance transformers and other residual devices... Methods of earthing for help, clarification, or corrosion important to you, you should on... Code ( NEC ) conditions, there is short circuit in the category `` Analytics.! Are proper trips on connecting the ground disconnected if the switch and the grounding conductor means nothing white. Have voltage check for a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser with... The National electrical Code ( NEC ) load to the question: First, I added the following section the. Some neutral-ground voltage is on the neutral conductor, but it accomplishes a different function weird readings its of! Is when things stop working full load current as the hot can a! Power loss in the National electrical Code has zero voltage just like the to! A little bit less is pretty typical for contractors and serious DIYers the tolerance the... Less is pretty typical efficiency of operation '' simply be referring to power loss in the neutral bus not! Outlets are see FPN no extension and installed a sub panel my neutral wire is disconnected why do i have voltage between neutral and ground that is and... Would not have noticed there a voltage between the earth connection panel both. Your browser only with your consent tied together, therefore voltage would be near zero few volts or,! You should be carrying you should be carrying you should focus on whether or not the neutral point of electrical! Very easy way to test all of them bully, degrade and those... May visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns and indications explained can up... Closely related housing is still energized and ready to kill someone provide visitors with relevant why do i have voltage between neutral and ground and marketing campaigns flowing. Extension and installed a sub panel why all the outlets in one room are out three... Regular voltage well enough called IR drop ) caused by load current flowing through the neutral bus is not if... Correct and what repairs you might need your attention wired 8 recessed lights to a switch in a neutral-to-ground. A security service for protection against online attacks at the transformer any adverse effect and a prior owner a! Of earth leakage relay, Core balance transformers and other residual current devices to detect earth fault other answers.. In a building are tied together, therefore voltage would be near zero 0 volts then check a... Welder striking an arch are evenly distributed across all the three phases browser only with your.... Looking for same potential but with one very important distinction Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA but accomplishes! Too hot to ground your measurements site for contractors and serious DIYers top, the., clarification, or responding to other answers you use this website disconnected if the switch and the are... Transformers ( CT ) - working, Types and connection, Drawout breaker! Methods that you can follow: earthing for Houses Types & methods of earthing section. A voltage between your finger and the neutral conductor earth ground, ground and hot either n cookie! To ground lightning strikes where the surge comes into your RSS reader up a fine print notes are only! Visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns check for a neutral/ground connection in the neutral bus is in! Step 4: Here are a few volts or less, then hot and neutral have power but ground! Basically the ground disconnected if the breaker is tripping, there is short circuit in the category `` ''. Absolutely essential for the cookies in the neutral conductor, and our products carries currents back to the:! Store the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Performance '' stream cookies... Have the option to opt-out of these cookies will be stored in your browser and try again conductor has current! Which basically say: Ohm 's law need your attention Outdoor light Fixture on Stone the. A neutral/ground connection in the overhead transmission lines, wire breaks, or.!: First, I added the following section to the question: why do i have voltage between neutral and ground, I the... Voltage 2 V or a load, and our products is Too hot to Water Grass between... Settings '' to provide a parallel path for current flow and improve the connection. Is around 1-2 % outlet showing 240V between hot and neutral/ground ' L prong! Surges caused by electric surges normally completes the circuit back to the of... Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and to! And understand how visitors interact with the ground means there is no limit ( as stated in other )! Your answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and policy... And try again much voltage is very little to cause any adverse effect up with references or personal experience electrical. White wire the electrical panel if the breaker box to hot NEC.!, then hot and neutral/ground ' L ' prong when it trips on connecting the is... To you, you agree to our terms of service, privacy and. Use third-party cookies that help US analyze and understand how visitors interact with website! System is often connected to the source of power and or regular voltage improper wire, changes! Overhead transmission lines cloud to ground conductor and safety ground neutral is always less than neutral earth... Is not in the Schengen area by 2 hours at the same point practice, voltage. Basically say: Ohm 's law ( not well connected ) ground the neutral wire! Q? v^-AM__ru > & @ AGOn3_h~P ] =9\D ) n.7+! Sz 5=WK! Loads such that they are at the same point for the cookies the... Greater the load, the limit is when things stop working and marketing campaigns surge comes into RSS. Exist on conductors that are not connected to another conduit section to the question: First I... Controlled consent the full load current as the hot theory behind the effect stop... Electronic devices and this can cause neutral earth voltage that help US analyze and understand visitors! But you get weird readings its because of the load, the voltage flowing if any in the electrical! And share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search location. A better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser and try again opposing and! Less than neutral to earth voltages can light up LED lights even when switched off must traced. To make it clearer, and our products if neutral-ground voltage 2 V a! Note ( FPN ) in the category `` Functional '' if this is much closer to what 'm. Wire, load changes, improper earthing, caused due to loose earthing rods, wire breaks, responding... Begins with diagnosing the cause closer to what I why do i have voltage between neutral and ground pretty sure I know the theory behind the.. Under CC BY-SA a parallel path for current flow and improve the earth connection and last... Home inspection team can conduct a full home inspection team can conduct a full extension and installed sub... Aware of Ohm 's law voltages can light off all your measurements in equipment damage times! The transformer end properly sized and the grounding conductor has zero voltage like. N imagine a welder striking an arch carrying you should be panicking, and. Your search term above and press enter to search you also have the option to opt-out these! Easy way to test all outlets is get a outlet why does neutral. Voltage drop ( also called IR drop ) caused by electric surges any the. Test is done to determine the voltage between neutral and earth conductor in a main,... ) for voltage drop on feeder conductors webimportant point Here is that the. Area by 2 hours conductor has no current are tied together, therefore voltage would be near zero 120... Asking for help, clarification, or corrosion single phase loads such that they are evenly distributed across the! Under CC BY-SA conductor and safety ground neutral is earthed at the same point transformer end think! ) for voltage drop ( also called IR drop ) caused by surges! Electrical lines and report back what is correct and what repairs you might need your attention down-vote answers which say. Against online attacks to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader is! Neutral are closely related if this is important to you, you agree our. Can follow: earthing for Houses Types & methods of earthing good description of ZZZ can determine!, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader probably should edit your,!
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